南．洋：臺大博物館群東南亞與大洋洲「點」藏
Cabinet of Curiosities: A Brief Glimpse into the Southeast Asian and Oceanic Collections
of the NTU Museum

說到「南方」，您會想到甚麼？以身處的臺北視角出發，想到的可能是這座城市的南部；可能是城市所在島嶼的南部；也可能是哪一個文化圈在地理上比較靠南的部份；但是如果走出臺灣向南行，您又看到甚麼呢？

翻開地圖，可以看到和臺灣同處於板塊交接帶上，面積遼闊且地形豐富的東南亞。其中既有明清兩代閩粵漢人口中的南洋；也有馬來人口中的馬來世界（Nusantara）；而這整區更是歐洲商人和殖民者所謂遠東的重要組成部份。若再稍微把目光向東移，在西太平洋上星羅著許多小島：或是太平洋環上板塊隱沒形成的火山島；或是地函熱點在板塊上鑽出來的火山島；或是依附着這種熱點火山生長成的珊瑚礁島。大航海時代的探險家在這些島上補給並留下大名；太平洋戰爭期間這些島嶼被激烈地爭奪着；但也別忘了早幾千年這些島嶼是南島民族遷移擴散的舞臺，後來也定居至今。

臺大及其前身，學者們因著相似或大異其趣的目的來研究「南方」。儘管時空背景和學科領域都大不相同，但也串起「在臺大」作研究的脈絡。瀏覽這次特展呈現的臺大博物館群南方典藏，雖然不能算有系統，但也能稍稍探究那些多數人恐怕不甚瞭解的地方的事物。祈望大家觀展後能激起想進一步探索的興趣，臺大博物館群各館期待您的到訪。

今年（2017）臺大博物館群啟動十週年，繼十年前舉辦博物館群十館精采館藏聯展，今年特展跨出臺灣以國際視野展示臺大博物館群的典藏與故事。首波選定的主題為東南亞與大洋洲，因為此區地緣位置與臺灣最為接近，也是博物館群藏品於臺灣主題之外的最大宗。


特展題目「『點』藏」，點出這次特展係『點描』博物館群南方研究與藏品；同時趣味傳遞，展品僅呈現博物館群典藏菁華的『一點點』；更期望藉由這個特展，引發觀眾探究灑落在大洋裡的『點點』珍珠，特別是與臺灣原住民同屬南島語族的大洋洲國家與島嶼。




What comes to mind when you hear the words “the South?” Viewed from the perspective of Taipei, it may mean the southern part of the city, the southern half of the island, or the cultural centers located in Taiwan’s southern reaches. But what do you see if you look beyond Taiwan? If you unfold a world map, you will find that Southeast Asia, with its vast area and rich topography, sits on the same tectonic plate as Taiwan. This area includes the so-called Nanyang, or South Seas, region, where many Han people from Fujian and Guangdong Provinces settled during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It also encompasses the Nusantara archipelago, where many Malay people live. The region forms a significant part of what European merchants and colonizers referred to as the Far East. If you shift your gaze slightly eastwards to focus on the many small isles that dot the western Pacific Ocean, you will find volcanic islands, some formed by the subduction of tectonic plates on the Ring of Fire and others over hot spots in the middle of the plate, and reef islands that had their beginnings at volcanic hot spots. During the Age of Discovery, explorers took supplies from these islands and left behind their names. During the Pacific War, they were fiercely contested; but don’t forget that the islands were stepping stones for the migration and proliferation of Austronesian peoples millennia ago, people whose heritage survives to this day. Past scholars at National Taiwan University and its predecessor, Taihoku Imperial University, studied “the South” for a variety of reasons. Although these individuals came from different backgrounds and carried out their work in different times and disciplines, they are linked by the fact that all of them conducted their research at National Taiwan University. The National Taiwan University Museums’ Southeast Asian and Oceanic collection, on display at this special exhibition, is not a systematic collection, but it nonetheless contains objects that most people are unfamiliar with. It is our hope that visitors to the exhibition will come away with their interest piqued and a desire to explore further. The NTU Museums await your visit.

Since late 2017, the Museums have been celebrating their 10th anniversary by holding a special exhibition of the crown jewels of each of the group’s ten museums. The exhibition showcases the various collections and tells the story of the NTU Museums from a global perspective. The theme selected for the first part was Southeast Asia and Oceania, as their geographic locations are right next to Taiwan and the second-largest share of the museums’ collections comes from Southeast Asia (the largest number of items comes from Taiwan).

 






本校創立於1928年，在長達90年的悠久歲月中，已經累計數以萬計獨特珍貴的學術標本、文獻史料與文物藏品，並由各系所單位設置不同屬性、規模之博物館進行典藏展示，以支援教學研究所需，同時見證本校發展歷程點滴。 2007年11月15日，臺大博物館群正式啟動，包含了校史館、人類學博物館、地質標本館、物理文物廳、昆蟲標本館、農業陳列館、植物標本館、動物博物館、檔案館以及醫學人文博物館等。

 

National Taiwan University has accumulated a tremendous wealth of specimens, literatures, and cultural artifacts for near a century since its founding in 1928. These collections, among the finest and most comprehensive in Taiwan, are housed in various departments on campus and have been used for both research and education. The university founded the NTU Museums on November 15, 2007, in the hope of integrating the resources and making it more accessible for the general publics. The NTU Museums currently include the NTU History Gallery, the Museum of Anthropology, the Geo-specimen Cottage, the Heritage Hall of Physics, the Insect Museum, the Agricultural Exhibition Hall, the Herbarium, the Museum of Zoology, the Archives, and the Museum of Medical Humanities.

TEST







識別概念

Design concept

以 “十年一家 (+) 人” 的概念，傳達臺大博物館群在經歷了十年發展後更加凝聚。而每個單位也如同一顆十字螺絲釘，在NTUMS這把螺絲起子的扭轉中，更加穩固的團結在一起。

The concept for the design is “One decade, one family.” The Chinese word for ‘family’ is a homonym for ‘plus,’ represented by the plus sign in the center of the zero. The symbol conveys the increasing cohesiveness of National Taiwan University Museums (NTUMS) over 10 years of development.

 

　

 



動動您的手指，點擊區域，來看看這次展覽有些什麼內容吧！




X
南方資源科學研究所沿革
Chronology of the Southern Resources Research Institute, Taihoku Imperial University


二十世紀前葉，臺灣是日本向南擴張的果實，往後也成為日本繼續南進的跳板，陸續設立農林商等研究機構。1930年代日本各大學紛紛憑藉己身專業，配合東京當局擴張政策設立各門硏究所，臺北帝國大學於1939年設立熱帶醫學研究所，1943年設立南方人文研究所以及南方資源科學研究所，進行對東南亞占領區的人文、經濟、天然資源調查研究。臺大博物館群部分典藏即源自這兩個南方研究所。

In the first half of 20th century, Taiwan was the fruit of Japanese southward expansion, and the jump board to further south thereafter. In 1930s, Universities in Japan established researching institutes according to their specialties to comply expanding policy. Taihoku Imperial University set up institutes of tropical medicine (1939), “south humanities” (1943) and “southern resource and science” (1943) to carry on researches of occupied areas. Some collections of NTU Museums were from these institutes.




　
▍南洋地圖（植物標本館典藏） ▍南方資源科學研究所沿革
Chronology of the Southern Resources Research Institute, TIU
(檔案館典藏)



X
馬廷英先生 ── 站在地質學時代前端的科學家
Dr. Ting Ying H. Ma, A Pioneering Geologist

澳洲學者珊瑚專家J. Jell：「馬廷英先生是站在時代前端的科學家，他的理論在當時是不會有很多人了解的。」但是今天在研究古海洋、古氣候、珊瑚化石的生長年層及古大陸板塊漂移的領域裡，卻沒有人不知道馬廷英教授。──錢憲和

 


馬廷英（1899至1979），字雪峯，臺大地質系教授退休，是作家亮軒的父親，樂評人馬世芳的爺爺。

馬廷英出生於遼寧金縣，中學畢業後赴日，以第一名畢業於東京高等師範學校，考進東北帝國大學攻讀地質學，於1933年完成博士論文。然而當時日本政府要求馬廷英赴滿洲國科學院就職，始能取得學位，於是指導教授矢部長克(Hisakatsu Yabe)逕將論文送往德國柏林大學，馬廷英於翌年獲得博士，東北帝大隨即跟進。1936年中日關係緊張，馬先生接受丁文江先生之請，秘密返回中國，任職中央研究院地質所，同時擔任中央大學教授。抗戰開始後擔任東北中學校長，帶領學生長途跋涉安抵四川，撤退往大後方期間仍持續上課與研究。二戰結束參與接受臺北帝國大學之工作，出任臺大地質系主任及臺灣海洋研究所所長，長年投身學術研究。馬廷英一生淡泊名利、貢獻卓著，過世後次年獲得蔣經國總統頒令褒揚。



馬廷英自博士生時期開始研究珊瑚化石，博士論文即是討論珊瑚的年成長率與海水溫度的關係。回國後陸續在蘭嶼、海南島及南海（東沙、南沙等處）一帶調查，其後足跡更遍及世界各地。珊瑚在較高溫的海水中生長快速，骨骼疏鬆；反之則較密。由此可推測生長環境的冬夏溫差，進而窺探古氣候的樣貌。同一地質年代中年生長紋相異的珊瑚說明了該地質年代中熱、亞熱、溫等氣候帶的存在。而古赤道的歷時性比較更直接證明了魏格納（Wegener）的大陸漂移說。雖然馬廷英沒有用後來廣為接受的板塊構造論來解釋大陸漂移的機制，以致他1953年發表的「地殼剛體滑動學說」被後人修正，然而他關於地殼滑動時會造成大量生物死亡而生成油氣的推測，相當接近現今微生物在板塊邊緣形成油氣的理論。此外，後來的學者比較珊瑚的年成長與日成長，得出地球自轉速率在下降，也是基於馬廷英打下的基礎。

主要資料來源：錢憲和。「站在地質學時代前端的科學家馬廷英先生」，科學發展，369期，2003年9月。

　 　 　





Australian coral specialist J. Jell once commented that “Dr. Ting Ying H. Ma was a scientist ahead of his time. In his day, not many people could understand his theories.” Now, however, in the realms of paleoceanography, paleoclimatology, fossil coral growth rates, and continental drift research, everyone knows Ma’s name.—Xianghe Qian

A retired professor from the Department of Geology at NTU, Ting Ying H. Ma (1899–1979), courtesy name Xuefeng, was the father of writer Liangxuan Ma and grandfather of music critic Shifang Ma.

Ma was born in Jing County, Liaoning Province. After finishing high school, he left China to pursue further education in Japan. Ma graduated first in his class from Tokyo Higher Normal School and tested into Tohoku Imperial University to study geology. When he completed his doctoral dissertation in 1933, the Japanese government insisted that he work at the Institute of Science in Manchuria as a condition for conferring his degree. However, his academic advisor, Professor Hisakatsu Yabe, sent Ma’s dissertation to Berlin University in Germany where Ma received his Ph.D. the following year. Afterwards, Tohoku Imperial University followed suit and also awarded him a diploma. In 1936, relations between China and Japan grew tense. Ma secretly returned to China to work at Academia Sinica’s Institute of Geology while concurrently serving as a professor at Central University. Ma was a high school principal in northeastern China when the Sino-Japanese War (the Chinese sphere of World War II) broke out, and after leading his students on a long journey across the country, he brought them safely to Sichuan, where he continued to teach and do research. After World War II, Ma accepted an invitation to participate in the takeover of Taihoku (Taipei) Imperial University, where he became chair of the Department of Geology and director of the Institute of Oceanography of National Taiwan University. Ma had no interest in the pursuit of wealth and fame. He devoted his life to academic research, and his contributions were extraordinary. A year after he passed away, then President Chiang Chingkuo issued a presidential citation to praise his achievements.

Ma began his study of coral fossils as a PhD student, and for his dissertation wrote a discourse on the relationship between the annual growth rates of corals and sea water temperatures. After leaving Japan, he conducted research on Orchid Island, Hainan Island and in the South Seas. Later, he traveled much farther afield, carrying out research all over the world.

Ma found that coral grows quickly in sea water of higher temperatures but is more porous, and vice versa. He applied this knowledge to estimate seasonal temperature fluctuations in the environment and establish a rough picture of ancient climates. He explained variations in coral growth rates from the same geological time period by the existence of tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates and conducted diachronic comparisons in the paleo-equatorial regions to provide direct proof of Wegener’s continental drift theory. Although Mr. Ma never used the later-accepted theory of plate tectonics to explain the mechanism of continental drift, and the crustal rigid body sliding theory he released in 1953 was modified by later generations as a consequence, his conjecture that crustal motion could lead to the death of large numbers of creatures and the resultant generation of oil and gas was rather close to modern theories of microbes dying and ultimately turning into oil and gas along the edges of plates. It was based on the foundation laid down by Ma that later scholars were able to conclude through comparisons of daily and annual coral growth rates that the Earth’s rotation is slowing down.

Main sources: Xianhe Qian, Mr. Ma Ting Ying, a Pioneering Geologist, Issue 369, Science Development, Sep. 2003



▍微孔珊瑚 Porites
（國立自然科學博物館典藏） 		▍菊珊瑚 Favites
（國立自然科學博物館典藏） 		▍軸孔珊瑚 Acropora
（國立自然科學博物館典藏）
　　　

馬廷英先生採集的群體型石珊瑚骨骼標本，其中軸孔珊瑚的增長速率最快，而每年生長速率大約1公分的微孔珊瑚，則經常被用來做為重建古氣候的研究材料。（國立自然科學博物館典藏）

Colonial Fossil bony coral specimens collected by Mr. Ting Ying H. Ma: The Acropora coral (center) grows the fastest; the Porites coral (right) grow only about 1centimeter per year and are often used in research to reconstruct ancient climates. (Collection of the National Museum of Natural Science)




X
臺北帝國大學土俗人種學研究室附屬標本室展櫃
The Curious Case of the Display Case of the Specimen Room Affiliated
with Taihoku Imperial University’s Institute of Ethnology

(From Display Case to Artifact)

1928年哈佛大學人類學博士移川子之藏先生在臺北帝國大學文政學部擔任講座教授，著手規畫、籌建土俗人種學教室、研究室、實驗室與標本室。本展櫃即為土俗人種學研究室附屬標本室（人類學博物館前身）所使用的展示木櫃，外觀也與現今人類學博物館展示木櫃相似。木櫃上方標有「南洋 Indonesia, Melanesia& Micronesia」、「A11」金屬標牌，南洋 Indonesia, Melanesia& Micronesia （印度尼西亞、美拉尼西亞、密克羅尼西亞）與另一面金屬標牌「海南」，都反映當時臺北帝大響應日本政府南進政策，對於南方人文研究的痕跡。

本展櫃原放置於文學院建築內，並沒有隨著其他展櫃被搬遷至人類學博物館。據原先展櫃內的鋼架五金行成立時間，推測約1980s-1990s 經過改裝，成為文學院刊物展示木櫃。此木櫃於2017年入藏於校史館，由於體積過於龐大，藉由本校實驗林木工師傅於文學院仔細拆解後，僅留下原始木櫃構件，再運至校史館組裝。拆解過程中發現木櫃底座木材印有「大阪中川製材部新宮工場製」，推測展櫃木材有部分是來自於日本大阪的工廠所製造的，也為這座展示木櫃揭露更多身世之謎。木櫃右側底部則有臺北帝國大學財產金屬標籤牌，標示著「文政 Cl. 200/No. 11」，屬於當時文政學部第200財產項目（這種款式展示木櫃）中的第11個。



　



Harvard University anthropologist Dr. Nenozō Utsurikawa was a lecturer at Taihoku Imperial University’s Faculty of Literature and Politics. In 1928, he served as a founding member of the Institute of Ethnography and Ethnology, where he established classrooms, institutes, a laboratory, and a specimen room for the study of indigenous ethnology. The specimen room (the forerunner of the Museum of Anthropology) had a wooden display cabinet similar to the modern display cases used by anthropology museums for exhibitions. The cabinet had metal plates affixed to the top, one of which read “Nanyang, Indonesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia,” and the other simply “A11.” The “Nanyang, Indonesia, Melanesia & Micronesia” plate, as well as another that read “Hainan,” reflected Taihoku Imperial University’s role in the Japanese government’s Southern Expansion Doctrine and the push to study the culture of those areas.

When the Museum of Anthropology was established, the cabinet was left behind in the College of Liberal Arts. Years later, when the cabinet was rediscovered, it was surmised from the steel frame that covered the original cabinet that it had been repurposed in the 1980s or 1990s as a display case for publications of the College of Liberal Arts. In 2017, the cabinet became part of the collection of the NTU History Gallery. As it was extremely bulky, the components were carefully disassembled on site at the College of Liberal Arts by expert carpenters from the university’s Experimental Forest, and then taken to the NTU History Gallery and reassembled. During the disassembly process, the wooden base of the cabinet was found to bear the inscription “manufactured by Shinmaya Factory, Nakagawa Materials, Osaka,” indicating that, at least in part, the wooden cabinet may have been manufactured by a factory in Osaka, Japan. This discovery also revealed more of the display case’s history. A metal plate found on the bottom right-hand side noted that the case was the property of “Literature and Politics Cl. 200/No. 11, Taihoku Imperial University.” This meant the display case was the property of the Faculty of Literature and Politics and was the eleventh of a series of display cases that collectively made up item number 200.



X
平瀨貝類博物館貝類標本及《貝千種》、非洲冕豪豬
Specimens from the Hirase Shellfish Museum and One Thousand Species of Shells

平瀨貝類博物館成立於1913年日本京都市岡崎，館藏超過一萬多種的貝類標本，其中七千多種為日本之外的貝類標本，以集三千多種日本產貝類，採集地從北海道擴及臺灣本島及南洋。博物館於1919年吹起熄燈號，館藏之後分作三批，分別送往日本東京帝大、京都市以及臺北帝大。

這些貝殼，之後就一直被收納於早期臺大動物系（後與植物學系與漁業科學研究所組成今生命科學系）一號館某個角落的木盒裡，但它們始終沒被人發現。直到某一年大火將木盒燒了一個洞，才被當時還是動物系學生的陳俊宏教授發現。經過一番考察之後，才確定這批貝類標本正是當年那批來自日本平瀨貝類博物館的標本！這次所展示的貝類標本來自於越南河內、中國海南島、菲律賓馬尼拉及民答那峨島、印尼爪哇、馬里亞納群島、新喀里多尼亞、緬甸撣邦、萬那杜新赫布里底群島、澳大利亞昆士蘭。

平瀨貝類博物館創立者平瀨與一郎（1859.12-1925.5）是20世紀初著名的貝類研究學者，他除了與學生們四處採集貝殼標本之外，還於1914年出版了貝類圖鑑《貝千種》，命名為《貝千種》的原因是因為平瀨與一郎當初誓言要完成一千種的貝類手繪圖鑑，但可惜礙於現實因素未能如期完成，只留下三冊內含四百多種貝類的《貝千種》，目前校內《貝千種》書籍由圖書館特藏組收存，本次展示的手繪圖鑑產自於南洋、大東島。



　 　

　 非洲冕豪豬

Crested Porcupine
(Hystrix cristata)
產地：東印度
製作：島津製作所標本部
繪圖：李嬿



The Hirase Shellfish Museum was established in the Okazaki district of Kyoto, Japan in 1913. The museum housed over ten thousand shellfish specimens—three thousand Japanese and seven thousand foreign specimens. The specimens were collected from an area spanning Hokkaido in the north down to the main island of Taiwan and then south to Southeast Asia and Oceania. When the museum closed in 1919, the collection was divided among Tokyo Imperial University, Kyoto City, and Taihoku Imperial University.

The Taihoku portion of the collection was kept stored inside a wooden crate tucked away in a corner by Taihoku Imperial University’s Department of Zoology (which later merged with the Department of Botany and the Institute of Fisheries Science to form the present College of Life Science). The specimens lay forgotten for many years, and it was only when a fire burned a hole in the wooden crate that they were rediscovered by Chen Jiun-hong, a zoology student who is now a Professor at the college. It was confirmed following an investigation that these shellfish specimens were indeed the ones from the Hirase Shellfish Museum. The shellfish specimens on display in the exhibition come from Hanoi, Vietnam; Hainan, China; Manila and Mindanao in the Philippines; Java, Indonesia; the Mariana Islands; New Caledonia; Shan State in Myanmar; Vanuatu; and Queensland, Australia.

Hirase Shellfish Museum founder Yoichiro Hirase (December 1859 – May 1925) was a well-known shellfish researcher at the beginning of the 20th century. He and his students collected shell specimens from all over the world and published a shellfish field guide titled One Thousand Species of Shells in 1914. It was given this title because Hirase had pledged to complete drawings of a thousand different kinds of shells. He was unfortunately unable to achieve this goal, but nevertheless ended up producing four hundred drawings in three volumes. The NTU Library has a copy of One Thousand Species of Shells in its special collections. The shells in the hand-drawn illustrations on display at the exhibition came from Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the Daitō Islands.



　 　 　



X
發表植物新種的潛力之地――索羅門群島
Plant Research in the Solomon Islands

索羅門群島，臺灣的邦交國，超過990個島，陸地總面積約28,450平方公里，最高峰約2,400公尺，擁有豐富的植物相，地理位置介於新幾內亞跟澳洲中間。大部分的研究主要集中在新幾內亞附近，而索羅門群島一直保持著較少人去的樣貌，之前主要由美國和澳洲學者進行自然資源調查，而後轉由日本高知縣立牧野植物園負責。牧野植物園前園長小山鐵夫教授，希望尋覓其他單位繼續接手索羅門的研究。

索羅門原生植物超過七千種，但留下紀錄者大約只有三千多種，表示尚有一半的植物未被人所知，算是全世界少數未知比例頗高的區域，因此是很有潛力可以發表新種的地方。雖然許多知名植物園對此區域表示興趣，但幾經評估，小山鐵夫希望由臺灣團隊接手，一方面是因為他對臺灣的感情甚深，他是1970年代《臺灣植物誌》第一版的編輯委員之一，而他的夫人也是臺灣人。



透過前國立科學博物館（科博館）館長李家維教授牽線，加上楊宗愈博士勇於任事，2012年5月，此計畫於焉展開，雙方政府正式簽約，其中背後最大的支持者就是行政院農委會林業試驗所與科博館，主管機關為財團法人國際合作發展基金會（國合會）。參與此計畫的單位涵蓋甚廣，而臺大的胡哲明教授，就是其中一員。 　
    ▍索羅門群島植物攝影明信片、
《索羅門群島植物圖鑑》
（胡哲明提供）		 ▍索羅門群島當地人編織的扇子
（胡哲明提供）




The Solomon Islands is one of the Republic of China’s diplomatic allies. It is made up of over 990 islands with a total land area of 28,450 square kilometers. Its highest point is Mount Popomanaseu, at 2,400 meters. The Solomons are located between Papua New Guinea and Australia, and are known for their rich diversity of plant life. Most of the research previously carried out in that part of the world was centered on the island of New Guinea, with few researchers going to the Solomon Islands. Initially, American and Australian researchers conducted surveys of natural resources. Later on, Makino Botanical Garden in Japan’s Kōchi Prefecture took charge of the surveys. After some time, former Makino Botanical Garden director and professor Tetsuo Koyama began seeking another organization to take over the work of surveying and classifying the Solomon Islands’ plant resources.

The Solomon Islands have over seven thousand native plant species, but only three thousand have been cataloged, which means that over half of its plants remain unknown to humankind. The island group is believed to have one of the highest percentages of unknown plant species in the world. As such, it offers great potential for the discovery of new species. Although many renowned botanical gardens have expressed an interest in the plants of this region, Koyama handed the work over to a team from Taiwan. His decision was based on the close connection he had with Taiwan from the time he spent serving as one of the editorial committee members for the first edition of Flora of Taiwan in the 1970s together with the fact that his wife was Taiwanese.

The Census and Classification of Plant Resources in the Solomon Islands project was launched in May 2012 after professor and former National Museum of Science (now National Museum of Natural Science) director Li Chia-wei and Dr. Aleck Yang came on board. The governments of the two countries signed an agreement, with the biggest behind-the-scenes supporters being the Council of Agriculture’s Taiwan Forestry Research Institute and the National Museum of Natural Science. The executive agency was the International Cooperation and Development Fund. Many organizations and individuals participated in this project, one of whom was NTU’s own Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology associate professor Hu Jer-ming.



　
X
來自海南島的植物標本
Plant Specimens from Hainan Island

1939年2月，日軍攻駐海南島，1940至1942年間，臺北帝大兩回組團前往日本帝國的新領地――海南島，進行跨領域的科學調查，主要以理農學部為主，包含生物學、農學、地質學，後來又加入了人類學、經濟學領域。不過，第一回赴海南島的研究，側重於基礎科學的調查與標本採集，因此多由該學部重要的基礎學門教授帶領龐大助教群前往。存在植物標本館內，粗估上萬份的海南島標本，主要就是當年第一回赴海南島採集所累積的。當時赴海南島的植物學者，包含講座教授日比野信一、正宗嚴敬、助教授山本由松、助手吉川涼、福山伯明等人。不過這批海南島標本，尚待人力完善整理與資料建檔。




▍海南島全圖
（植物標本館典藏）		 ▍舊報紙包覆的海南島植物標本
（植物標本館典藏）



In February 1939, the Japanese invaded and occupied Hainan Island, and between 1940 and 1942, Taihoku (Taipei) Imperial University organized two teams to conduct cross-disciplinary scientific surveys in this new territory of the Japanese Empire. The teams consisted mainly of faculty members in the College of Science and Agriculture, particularly from the Departments of Biology, Agriculture, and Geology. Later, the team was expanded to include anthropological and economic experts. The first trip focused on general scientific research and the collection of specimens, and the team was composed of a large number of teaching assistants led by professors from some of the more important and basic fields of science. Over ten thousand specimens from Hainan Island were collected during that initial trip, and these are still kept in the Herbarium of National Taiwan University. The botanists who studied Hainan Island included Professors Emeriti Hibino Nobuichi and Genkei Masamune, Assistant Professor Yamamoto Yoshimatsu, and assistants Yoshikawa Ryo and Fukuyama Noriaki. To this day, the cataloguing and classification of the Hainan Island specimens, a job which must be done painstakingly and by hand, has still not been completed.



　 　 　 　
臺北帝國大學第一回海南島學術調查團報告 第一班（生物學班）
（臺大圖書館特藏組提供）

Reports from the First Hainan Island Academic Investigation Team of Taihoku (Taipei) Imperial University, First Class (Biology Class)
（Provided by the Special Collections Division, NTU Library）
X
石碌柑浸液標本
Leech Lime Specimen
Citrus hyalopulpa Tanaka

瓶內收藏的是一種產於中國海南島的石碌柑，1941年臺北帝大園藝學講座教授田中長三郎在柑橘研究（Studia Citrologica） 中將其發表為蜜柑的新栽培種。在1977年田中長三郎弟子所發表整理柑橘類植物學名整理出的162種（含栽培種）名錄中，本栽培種由於存證標本不明去向，未能比對，而被列入栽培種中不確定的種類。 田中長三郎是當時世界柑橘研究權威，在森林環境暨資源學系植物標本館（NTUF）近三萬份田中標本館藏品中，即有數千份的柑橘類標本，可見其豐富的柑橘標本收藏，這些標本也有助於釐清田中長三郎柑橘研究的歷程。

在1939年2月日本佔領海南島以前，田中長三郎教授即對海南島的學術探險密切注意，他透過廣東領南大學博物調查主任F.A McClure及中山大學陳煥鏞處，購得不少海南島植物標本，目前田中教授購得的海南島標本主要典藏於NTUF。



The specimen in the bottle is a type of leech lime grown in Hainan Island, China. It was first mentioned in 1941, when Professor Emeritus Tanaka Tyozaburo of the Department of Horticulture of Taihoku (Taipei) Imperial University announced in his Studia Citrologica the discovery of a new mandarin orange cultivar. However, when a list of scientific names of 162 types of citrus fruit (cultivars included) was compiled and released by the students of Tanaka Tyozaburo in 1977, this species was not included, because the specimen was missing. No match could be made and it had to be listed as an unknown cultivated species.

Tanaka Tyozaburo was the leading scientist of his day in global citrus research Among the nearly thirty thousand specimens in the Tanaka Specimen Collection at the Herbarium of the NTU School of Forestry and Resource Conservation (NTUF) are thousands of citrus specimens. The size of the collection is extraordinary, and these specimens can help shed light on the process of Tyozaburo’s citrus research. Even before Japan occupied Hainan Island in February, 1939, Tyozaburo was attending closely to the results of academic explorations there. He had already purchased a considerable quantity of plant specimens from the island from Investigative Director F. A. McClure of Lingnan University Museum and Chen Huanyong of Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangdong Province. Today, most of those specimens are catalogued and stored at NTUF.



X
小泉氏露兜樹
Pandanus koizumii Hosokawa

這份標本是由細川隆英於1934年在北馬里亞那群島中的天寧島採集命名的露兜樹科植物。這份標本左下方所標識的兩個學名都不是正式發表的學名。細川隆英在1943年將這份標本鑑定認為是新種，並於植物分類．地理期刊中，正式發表了小泉氏露兜樹這個名字，並且正式引用了這份採集號7805號的標本。學名中的種名小泉氏（koizumii）則是為了紀念日本植物分類學會的創始人，小泉源一（Genichi Koidzumi）教授而命名，他也是日本人最早在密克羅尼西亞採集的學者之一。

補充說明

天寧島是日本較早佔領的太平洋島嶼，自1914年後，日本就長期有居民在此移民耕作。到二次世界大戰末期太平洋戰爭結束之前，日本一直都派出了許多學者進行資源調查的工作。每新佔領一個地方，就會有動植物、地質、甚至人類學者到該地進行踏查。細川隆英在臺北帝大成立開始，便長期都肩負著密克羅尼西亞地區的植物調查。天寧島是他最早開始採集的點之一。



　 　 　


加若林露兜樹Pandanus carolinensis Martelli
本標本（Hosokawa 9000）由細川隆英於1937年7月採於亞浦（Yap）島，是太平洋眾多露兜樹屬植物之一，細川教授採得十數種露兜樹種類，均藏於臺大植物標本館。



This specimen was collected on Tinian Island in the Northern Mariana Islands and named by Takahide Hosokawa in 1934. Neither of the two scientific names at the bottom left of the label is the official scientific name. In 1943, Hosokawa identified the plant as a new species and used this specimen—No. 7805—to announce the scientific designation Pandanus Koizumii in the Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography. The species name Koizumii was chosen in memory of Professor Koidzumi, the founder of the Japanese Society for Plant Systematics. He was also one of the first Japanese scholars to collect specimens in Micronesia.

Supplementary Explanation
Tinian Island is a Pacific island long occupied by Japan. Japanese immigrants were already tilling the land there in 1914. Before the end of the Pacific War, the theater of World War II that was fought in the Pacific and Asia., Japan sent many scholars to Tinian to conduct surveys of the island’s resources. Whenever Japan occupied a new place, the government would dispatch zoologists, botanists, geologists, and anthropologists to conduct field studies. After Taihoku (Taipei) Imperial University was founded, Hosokawa was put in charge of plant investigation in the Micronesian archipelago, and Tinian Island was one of the locations where he began to collect specimens.

（植物標本館典藏）



X
找到了，細川隆英標本的另一個家
The Story of Takahide Hosokawa’s Specimens

植物標本館（TAI）中，有許多承繼自臺北帝大的重要典藏，其中有一批總數約4,770份來自密克羅尼西亞的標本，九成為細川隆英採集。細川自小隨家人移居臺灣，1932年自臺北帝大生物學科畢業，之後繼續留在學校擔任植物學領域之相關職務。1933年至1941年間，他多次赴密克羅尼西亞群島進行植物調查與採集。二戰結束，1946年他被遣返回日本，礙於當時返日的行李限制，因此他採集的標本幾乎都留在臺大。回到日本九州大學任教的細川，1952年跟臺大請求當初他留下的標本複份，臺大也應允了，提供他3,050份的複份標本。

偶然間，現任TAI館長的胡哲明教授，意外發現了這段有趣的歷史，想要了解這批飄洋過海到日本的複份標本下落，因此請九州大學的三島美佐子老師協尋，但竟然找無！三千多份的標本怎可能憑空消失？連帶細川在九州大學採集的標本也不見了。即使後來，胡老師帶著相關歷史文件親赴九州大學拜訪，依然沒有獲得答案，但他鍥而不捨，透過在日本植物學界的人脈，輾轉詢問日本其他標本館。結果，東京大學標本館館長邑田仁老師推測，這批細川標本可能去了東京上野的國立科學博物館，而科博館的植物標本主要放置在其筑波植物園的標本館。邑田仁老師以前的學生田中伸幸博士剛好在那工作，結果一找，果真找到了細川標本。 總算，皇天不負苦心人，當年臺大提供細川的複份標本就在筑波。而留在TAI的細川標本，則由胡哲明老師指導的學生鄭怡如，完善地整理並以此為主題完成了碩士論文《臺北帝大時期太平洋島嶼的植物資源調查》。



▍左上：加羅林苦果(茜草科)Amaracarpus carolinensis Vol.
1937年9月／帛琉
這個屬僅產於東南亞和太平洋群島，是典型的熱帶分類群。

▍右上：五梨跤(紅樹科)Rhizophora mucronata Lam.
1933年7月／科斯雷島
五梨跤是紅樹林植物，目前在該島海邊仍有相當的族群。

▍左下：內山絨蘭(蘭科)Eria uchiyamae Tuyama
1941年7月／帛琉
由蘭科專家津山尚鑑定發表的新特有種。
本種在後續的南洋植物誌中已無記錄，很有可能因環境破壞而消失。

▍右下：金平氏饅頭果(油柑科)Glochidion kanehirae Hosok.
1937年7月／雅浦島
為紀念南洋植物研究前輩金平亮三，以其命名的大戟科新種－金平氏饅頭果。

植物標本館典藏。



　



The Herbarium of National Taiwan University (TAI) houses many important items collected during the Japanese colonial period, when NTU was known as Taihoku Imperial University, including one lot of 4,770 specimens from Micronesia. Takahide Hosokawa was responsible for collecting 90% of that lot. Hosokawa’s family immigrated to Taiwan from Japan when he was a child. He graduated with a degree in biology from Taihoku Imperial University in 1932, and remained at the school after graduation to work in the field of botany. Between 1933 and 1941, he traveled many times to Micronesia to survey plants and collect specimens. In 1946, he was repatriated to Japan following the conclusion of World War II. As there were restrictions on the amount of luggage he was allowed to take with him, he left nearly all of his specimens behind at National Taiwan University. Hosokawa then became a professor at Kyushu University. In 1952, he asked NTU to send him the duplicate specimens of the collection he had left behind. The university consented to his request, and accordingly sent him 3,050 duplicate specimens.

Professor and current TAI director Hu Jer-ming discovered this interesting history by chance. He was curious about the fate of the duplicate specimens that crossed the ocean to Japan and asked Kyushu University Museum associate professor Misako Mishima to join his search. Unfortunately, they had no luck in locating the specimens. How could three thousand specimens just disappear without a trace? Even the specimens that Hosokawa collected while teaching at Kyushu University could not be found. Later on, Hu personally traveled to Japan and visited Kyushu University with the relevant documents, but the answer continued to elude him. Far from being discouraged, he used his contacts in Japan’s botany circles to make inquiries with Japanese herbariums. Dr. Jin Murata, director of the Herbarium of Tokyo University, surmised that this collection might have ended up at the National Museum of Nature and Science in Tokyo’s Ueno district. The museum stored the bulk of its plant specimens at the herbarium in the Tsubaka Botanical Garden. At the time, Murata’s former student Dr. Nobuyuki Tanaka happened to be working there. He conducted a search, and found Hosokawa’s specimens.

At last, Hu had the answer to his question. The duplicate specimens that National Taiwan University had sent to Hosokawa were in Tsubaka. Meanwhile, Hu’s graduate student Chen Yi-ru sorted the specimens Hosokawa had left behind at TAI. They became the subject of her master’s degree thesis, Plant exploration in the Pacific Islands during the Taihoku Imperial University period (1928-1945), based on herbarium data.



　 　 　 ▍左一：
1952年1月10日，細川隆英來信請求臺大寄贈密克尼西亞複份標本。
（檔案館典藏）

▍左二三：
1952年3月28日，臺大擬請九州大學以校級名義正式來函。
（檔案館典藏）



X
醫學藥學郵票
Medicine and Pharmacy Stamps

方寸間看醫藥史，郵票猶如一頁頁醫藥文化的迷你圖像集錦。
（醫學人文博物館典藏）

(NTU Museum of Medical Humanities’ collection)

耶爾森紀念郵票 Yersin Memorial Stamp（1943）
這是法屬印度支那（現今之越南、柬埔寨、寮國）在1943年發行的郵票，紀念該年逝世的細菌學家耶爾森（Alexandre Yersin）。1894年耶爾森在香港發現了導致鼠疫的鼠疫桿菌，後來定居越南芽莊，參與創建河內醫學院。

This stamp was issued by French Indochina (nowadays Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos) in 1943 in memory of bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin who passed away in that year. He discovered the pathogen of bubonic plague which was named Yersinia pestis in his honor. He later settled down in Vietnam and contributed to the founding of Hanoi Medical University.




　 　 　 　 　 　



X
海研一號
R/V Ocean Researcher I

「海研一號」研究船係由行政院國家科學委員會(現為科技部)於1983年撥款，委託挪威米蘭造船廠建造的研究船，全長50公尺、重794噸。1984年9月興建完工，10月7日由挪威啟程，1985年1月24日返抵國門，旋即撥交國立臺灣大學(本校)，由本校海洋研究所統籌管理，進行海洋研究教育訓練、海洋科學探測和海域資源探勘等工作。「海研一號」配備先進的衛星導航系統、船載流都卜勒式速剖面測量儀、鹽溫深測量儀、輪盤採水系統、測深儀系統、多頻導震測及反射探測儀、重力儀、磁力儀、變頻聲納海底剖面儀、水文絞車、深海絞車、岩芯採樣器、浮游生物採集等設備。除基礎海洋探測外，「海研一號」也支援其他領域的研究，學者們搭乘「海研一號」至南海、東南亞或大洋洲，採集學術標本進行研究，三十二年來探測航跡遍布臺灣四周海域，亦遠達新加坡、南沙太平島、關島等地。



　 　


　 　 　






The R/V Ocean Researcher I, with overall length 50 m and gross tonnage 794 GRT, was commissioned by the National Science Council (now the Ministry of Science and Technology) of Taiwan, R.O.C. to be built by the A/S Mjellen and Karlson shipyard, Norway in 1984. The Ocean Researcher I arrived at Kaohsiung, Taiwan on 24 January 1985 and was immediately transferred to the National Taiwan University (NTU) for the management and operation under the Institute of Oceanography, NTU. The Ocean Researcher I was primarily designated to the education and training in oceanography, the research in multidisciplinary marine sciences, and the investigation of marine resources. The equipment and instruments aboard Ocean Researcher I consist of advanced satellite navigation system, shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), conductivity-temperature-depth sensor (CTD), rosette water sampler, single beam echo sounder, multi- channel seismic reflection system (air guns and sparkers), gravimeter, magnetometer, chirp sub-bottom profiler, hydrographic winch, deep-sea winch, various types of core sampler, and plankton nets. In addition to the fundamental oceanographic research, the OR-I also support research in various disciplines, which brought scientists further to the South China Sea and the sea around the Southeast Asia and Oceania for various type of investigation and sampling over the past 32 years.



X
臺灣玉
Taiwan Nephrite Jade

臺灣玉又稱為豐田玉，產地主要集中在花蓮縣壽豐鄉豐田荖腦山西林山區，屬於閃玉，或稱軟玉，英文名nephrite。閃玉硬度介於5.5至7之間（輝玉或稱硬玉，俗稱翡翠，英文名jadeite，硬度則為6.5至7），臺灣玉硬度6.5，相較於共同出露的片岩、大理岩、蛇紋岩而言，臺灣玉韌度高且硬度也夠，適合作為砍、砸用的石器，加工時也不容易損毀。

臺灣史前人使用臺灣玉製作器物與裝飾品，可以推溯至約5,500至1,000年前，出土的玉石遺址分屬不同的史前文化，主要分布在臺灣東部海岸山脈以東，但在北部、南部、西部以及中部山區也有零星發現，甚至澎湖、綠島、蘭嶼等離島也有臺灣玉的蹤跡。臺灣的高山與海洋都阻擋不了史前人對臺灣玉的需求。

史前時代，臺灣玉不僅在臺灣流行，在整個環南海的東南亞也很受歡迎。距今2,100至4,000年前，臺灣玉器在菲律賓呂宋島、巴拉望島、婆羅洲、越南中部到南部、柬埔寨南部、泰國南部都有出現，這說明了海洋對史前人來說不是阻隔而是道路。而且出現臺灣玉的遺址和南島語族的分佈有高度的相似性，暗示著臺灣玉在東南亞的流動很可能和南島語族的擴散或交流有關。



　 ▍左：臺灣玉首飾 Nephrite jewelry
鍊墜為貓眼閃玉
帛琉群島

▍右：臺灣玉 Nephrite
Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
單斜晶系 Monoclinic
臺灣花蓮 Hualien, Taiwan
(地質標本館藏)



Taiwan jade is also known as Fengtian jade, and is classified as nephrite. It is primarily found in the mountains of Fengtian Village in Hualien’s Shoufeng Township. Taiwan jade has a hardness of 6.5 on the Mohs scale, putting it at the upper end of the hardness scale for nephrite, which varies from 5.5 to 7 (jadeite has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7). It is tougher and harder than other rocks and minerals formed at the same time, such as schist, marble, or serpentine. As such, it could be used to make very durable tools for chopping or crushing.

Taiwan’s prehistoric populations used Taiwan nephrite jade to make implements and ornaments possibly from 1000 to as much as 5500 years ago. Jade has been excavated from sites belonging to several different prehistoric cultures. These sites are primarily distributed on the east side of Taiwan’s eastern coastal mountain range. However, fragments have also been unearthed across Taiwan and on the outlying islands of Penghu, Green Island, and Orchid Island. Neither Taiwan’s tall mountains nor the oceans that surround it were able to obstruct prehistoric demand for Taiwan jade.

During the prehistoric era, Taiwan jade was in high demand not only in Taiwan, but all across Southeast Asia. Jade artifacts from Taiwan possibly dating from 2100 to as much as 4000 years ago have been found on the islands of Luzon and Palawan in the Philippines; in Borneo; from central to southern Vietnam; in southern Cambodia; and in southern Thailand. These discoveries show that prehistoric man viewed oceans not as barriers, but as roads. Moreover, there is a high degree of correlation between historic sites where Taiwan jade has been found and the distribution of Austronesian languages, which suggests that the circulation of Taiwan jade throughout Southeast Asia may have been related to the proliferation and spread of the Austronesian language family.



X
樹皮衣
Bark Cloth

樹皮布是一種無紡布（或稱不織布），是以植物樹皮為原料，經過拍打技術加工製成的布料。樹皮布分布的地理區域十分廣闊，非洲西部、東南亞、太平洋諸島，以及中南美洲等地都是分布範圍；太平洋仍有部分島嶼至今仍擁有精湛的樹皮布製作工藝，例如，薩摩亞、東加、夏威夷、斐濟等地。 臺大人類學博物館典藏的樹皮布，來自巴布亞、薩摩亞、斐濟等地。

最常被拿來做樹皮布的樹種就屬桑科，譬如，構樹、桑樹、雀榕等等。印尼與太平洋島嶼仍在製作樹皮布的族群都屬於南島語族（Austronesian-speaking peoples），樹皮布為其重要文化必需品，他們主要以「構樹」（Paper Mulberry、學名Broussonetia papyrifera）作為樹皮布原料。

構樹是一種雌雄異株的桑科植物，在臺灣隨處可見。臺灣構樹都是結種子再生，但是太平洋島嶼的構樹只有一種性別，無法自然繁衍，必須由人類切取其根部阡插種植，因此可以人類學家Matisoo-Smith建立的「共生模式」（Commensal Model）概念來探索構樹傳播與南島語族播遷的關係。

經科學家研究，太平洋島嶼絕大多數構樹都攜帶有cp-17的葉綠體基因單型，而學者又已經證明cp-17原生於臺灣，表示臺灣是太平洋構樹的原鄉。此構樹在太平洋的傳播路徑可呼應、驗證南島語族播遷研究中的「出臺灣」假說。



▍ 樹皮衣製作影片(6’36”)
　臺大森林系研究生李宜軒錄影採訪@斐濟、薩摩亞，2014年
　Tapa making in Fiji and Samoa, in 2014 (6’36”).
　Taken and Copyright by Yi-Hsuan Li

▍樹皮布Bark Cloth
長178 寬68公分
斐濟Fiji
（國立臺灣大學人類學系人類學博物館藏）
　　



Bark cloth is a type of non-woven fabric (or non-woven cloth) made by beating tree bark into sheets. Bark cloth can be found over an extensive geographic area that includes West Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific islands, and Central and South America. On some Pacific islands, such as Samoa, Tonga, Hawaii, and Fiji, remarkable bark cloth production skills still exist today. The bark cloth belonging to the NTU Museum of Anthropology collection comes from Papua New Guinea, Samoa, and Fiji. Bark from trees of the family Moraceae, which includes the paper mulberry, mulberry, and large-leaf banyan, is the most commonly used material for bark cloth production. The Indonesian and Pacific Islander groups that still make bark cloth today are all Austronesian-speaking peoples. For them, bark cloth is an important cultural necessity. The paper mulberry (scientific name Broussonetia papyrifera) is the principal source of bark cloth production. Paper mulberry is a dioecious plant of the family Moraceae which can be seen everywhere in Taiwan. Taiwanese paper mulberry trees seed to produce saplings, but the paper mulberry trees of the Pacific islands are all the same gender and are thus unable to reproduce naturally. People there use cuttings from the root to grow new trees. For this reason, the commensal model developed by Matisoo-Smith is useful in studying the relationship between the spread of the paper mulberry and the migration of Austronesian-speaking peoples. Scientists have concluded that the great majority of paper mulberry trees on the Pacific islands carry the cp-17 chloroplast gene haplotype. It has been proven that this haplotype originated in Taiwan, indicating that Taiwan is the ancestral home of the paper mulberries of the Pacific islands. The paths of spread of paper mulberry trees in the Pacific correspond to the migration of Austronesian-speaking peoples and provide evidence for the out-of-Taiwan hypothesis.



X
大洋洲民族文物
Oceania Collection

在廣大的太平洋海域上，分佈約25,000個小而極為分散的島嶼，4萬年前左右開始有具澳洲種體質特徵的人類移入，約5,500年前具蒙古種體質特徵的南島語族人群也移入。本校人類學博物館典藏、展示大洋洲民族標本，歡迎前往參觀。
（人類學博物館典藏）

「硏究別人」，
這是一個倫理的問題。
我們可不可以基於好奇，
或者認爲有理解的需要，
而去研究別人？
人與人，能正確理解才能友善溝通，
因為有溝通的需要，
所以必須去理解、去認識。
這中間，
必須避開上對下的理解、避開帝國之眼的研究。



　　　　
▍由左至右：
木雕男性人偶 (高30.6 寬8.3公分) 帛琉群島
木雕女性人偶 (高22.2 寬6.3公分) 帛琉群島
木雕男性人偶 (長35.3 寬8.4公分) 西巴布亞
木雕男性人偶 (長34.7 寬7.4公分) 西巴布亞
木雕女性人偶 (長29.1 寬8.4公分) 西巴布亞
木製手鼓 (長59.3 徑11公分) 西巴布亞
（國立臺灣大學人類學系人類學博物館藏）

▍帶架艇模型
長38.5 寬19.7公分 高36.5
帛琉群島
（國立臺灣大學人類學系
人類學博物館藏） 		▍帶架艇模型
本艇長49.8 高10.5 / 木架長32 寬20.7 /
輔助艇長20.1公分
亞浦島
　（國立臺灣大學人類學系人類學博物館藏） 		▍帶架艇模型
木艇長51.7 寬5.1 高4.6公分 /
架長24.2 寬16.5公分
科斯雷島
（國立臺灣大學人類學系人類學博物館藏）


▍樹皮布
長152 寬138.5
薩摩亞 		▍羽飾椰葉扇
長42 寬32
薩摩亞 		▍ 草裙
雅浦島



There are more than 25,000 small islands scattered across the vast Pacific Ocean. About 40,000 years ago, Australoid populations began migrating and dispersing across these islands. Around 5,500 years ago, Austronesian-speaking Mongoloid populations began their own migration. The NTU Museum of Anthropology’s Oceania Collection is now on display. Everyone is welcome to visit the collection. (Collection of the Museum of Anthropology)

The study of other peoples is an issue of ethics.
Do we go and study other people
simply to satisfy our curiosity,
or because we want to come to a deeper understanding?
People can only communicate freely with each other
when they understand one another properly.
We must learn and understand
in order to communicate.
In this process of studying and learning,
we must avoid paternalism and imperialist attitudes.



X
故事板
Palauan Storyboards

帛琉「故事板」係於薄長木板上線刻後，或塗上黑、褐、白等色彩，附繩，掛起來可以做為牆上裝飾；然而它其實是20世紀的創新藝術品。

古老的傳統上，帛琉木刻技術是用於男子會所（Bai），將神話傳說以及村落歷史彩繪雕刻於會所。一戰期間日本佔領帛琉，殖民政府禁止會所的集會功能；二戰期間民俗學者兼雕刻家土方久功（Hisakatsu Hijikata）至帛琉學校教導雕刻，憂心會所的彩繪雕刻文化將會流失，於是教導學生轉刻在小型木板上。這在當時已然成為文化商品，被日本海軍當作禮品，並展示於南洋地區博覽會。二戰後，美國託管政府繼續創造故事板市場、後由帛琉國家力量維持故事板製作，故事板因而成為帛琉獨特的文創商品。

現今故事板風格多樣，有不著色的原木雕刻，也有彩繪雕刻；有淺雕輪廓，也有浮雕、透視、景深等立體寫實的風格。至於木板形式，除了傳統方形外，也有鯊魚、鱷魚、烏龜、魟魚等造型。

臺大人類學博物館三件帛琉故事板，雕刻家是Sbal，屬於早期第一批學習製作的成品，由日本海軍將領贈與臺北帝大土俗人種學教室。



▍故事板

左：長50.7 寬13.5 厚1.1公分
　　帛琉群島

右上：長57.4 寬5 厚1公分
　　　帛琉群島

右下：長48.5 寬12 厚1.6公分
　　　帛琉群島

（國立臺灣大學人類學系人類學博物館典藏）



Palauan storyboards are long, thin, wooden boards that are carved and painted in black, brown, and white or left unpainted; affixed with ropes; and hung as wall decorations. They originated in the 20th century.

However, the Palauan tradition of woodcarving goes back much farther than that. Woodcarvings depicting legends and events from village history adorned the Bai, or traditional Palauan men’s clubhouses. During World War I, Japan occupied Palau and its colonial government prohibited Palauans from meeting at these clubhouses. Later, in World War II, cultural anthropologist and sculptor Hisakatsu Hijikata arrived in Palau and began teaching woodcarving at a school. He feared the disappearance of the Bai woodcarving and painting tradition, and therefore instructed his students to carve on small wooden boards instead. These storyboards became cultural commodities, and the Japanese Navy even regarded them as gifts. They were also displayed at expositions. After World War II, the United States took over the administration of Palau and storyboard production continued. Palau has since also worked hard to maintain their production. Nowadays, storyboards are one of Palau’s unique cultural and creative wares.

Modern storyboards come in many different forms. Some are left unpainted after carving, while others are both carved and painted. They can be low relief or high relief, or incorporate three-dimensional realism using multiple perspectives and depths of field. The boards themselves might be square or come in the shapes of animals such as sharks, crocodiles, tortoises, or stingrays.

NTU’s Museum of Anthropology has three early Palauan storyboards. They were carved by Sbal, and are among the first storyboards produced by him. A high-ranking Japanese naval officer presented them as a gift to Taihoku Imperial University’s Department of Anthropology.



X
碳14定年儀器
Carbon-14 Dating Instrument

碳14是碳元素的同位素之一，具有放射性，半衰期大約是5,730年。生物體會經由光合作用或攝取食物等方式取得碳14，但在生物體死後，不再與外界環境交流碳14，體內的碳14就會持續性地衰變、減少。1947年，美國化學家W. F. Libby利用這種現象，發明了「碳14定年」的技術，藉由測定生物遺骸殘存的碳14放射衰變數量，就可推測生物體大約在多久之前死亡。




▍（物理文物廳典藏） 		1960年代初期，臺大物理系許雲基教授有感於原子核物理實驗室必須拓展研究領域、探索核物理各項相關應用，因而開始發展與放射性元素息息相關的碳14定年技術，並由物理系技師們以純手工打造銅合金計數管，配合既有的計數器，以及實驗室同仁在操作直線加速器過程中練就的抽真空技術，成功研製出臺灣最早的碳14定年系統。

這套系統對於1960年代臺灣的地質學、人類學、考古學等領域，貢獻卓著，包括來自馬來西亞怡保 (Ipoh) 霹靂 (Perak) 的漂流木，其定年數據均出自核物理實驗室之手。





Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon with a half-life of 5,730 years. Living organisms absorb carbon-14 through photosynthesis or consuming food. At the moment of death, organisms cease to exchange carbon-14 with the environment, and the amount of carbon-14 inside begins to decay and decrease. In 1947, American chemist W. F. Libby made use of this fact and developed the carbon-14 dating technique to estimate the time of death of different organisms by determining the amount of carbon-14 remaining in the organisms.

In the early 1960s, Professor Yuin-Chi Hsu, feeling the need for the Nuclear Physics Laboratory to extend its research fields and explore relevant applications of nuclear physics, decided to develop carbon-14 dating techniques, which are closely related to radioactive elements. Based on existing counters and the vacuum techniques learned while operating linear particle accelerators, and with the help of the Department of Physics’ technicians, who built the hand-made copper alloy counter tubes, the first carbon-14 dating system in Taiwan was successfully developed.

This system made a significant contribution to studies of geology, anthropology, and archaeology in Taiwan during the 1960s. The dating data such as the Driftwood found at Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia was collected by the Nuclear Physics Laboratory.



X
昆蟲標本
Insect Specimens

昆蟲標本是昆蟲學研究重要的工具，提供昆蟲學家在昆蟲形態、物種發現、分類研究、害蟲偵測等方面研究上一個比較的基準。因此昆蟲標本的採集和製作技術是昆蟲學系學生一個基礎且重要的課程。目前在昆蟲學系必修課程中的「基礎昆蟲學」及「昆蟲分類學」上要求學生必須採集並製作一定數量的標本，才能完成該門課並得到學分。

這些昆蟲標本用來訓練學生採集以及標本製作技術，也是昆蟲標本館館藏增加的來源之一，除此之外是提供日後學生教學研究使用的教學標本。

這次展覽所展示的昆蟲標本，是昆蟲學系系友羅四維捐贈給昆蟲標本館的昆蟲標本。羅先生為馬來西亞僑生，多年前回家鄉時與友人在家鄉馬來西亞以及鄰國泰國採集昆蟲並製成這些標本。這些標本主要採集年代為 1993年一月及 1998 年八月，產地主要為馬來西亞金馬倫高原 (Cameron Highland)、馬來西亞彭亨州 (Pahan) 的班達爾穆阿紮姆沙鎮 (Bandar Muadzam Shah)及泰國清邁 (Chiang Mai)。由於早期金馬倫高原開發甚少，因此有豐富的生態系，這次外形特別的昆蟲標本如提琴步行蟲、葉䗛、竹節蟲、吉丁蟲、鍬形蟲、蠟蟬皆是出產自這裡。



　 　 　


　 　 　



Insect specimen is important tool in entomology, and provide entomologist with a comparative standard on insect morphology, new species discovery, insect taxonomy, pest detection, and more. Therefore, skill in collection and making of insect specimen is basely and important class for students of entomology department. At present, two required subject “Fundamental Entomology” and “Insect Taxonomy” demand each student must collect and make a certain number of specimens in order to complete the course and receive credits.

These insect specimens in addition to be used for training students’ skill of collection and making of insect specimens, also the source of increased collections for NTU insect museum, and used for teaching and research of students.

These insect specimens are donated by Shi-Wui Loh (alumnus of NTU entomology department) to NTU insect museum. Mr. Loh was Malaysian overseas Chinese student in NTU. When he returned home many years ago, he and his friends collected and made these insect specimens were from his hometown and Thailand. These insect specimens were collected mainly in January 1993 and August 1998, its place of origin were Cameron Highland in Malaysia, Bandar Muadzam Shah in Pahan, Malaysia and Chiang Mai, Thailand. As the early Cameron Highland developed very little, so had high abundance ecosystem. These insect specimen have special appearance such as violin beetle, walking leaf, stick insect, jewel beetle, stag beetle, and planthopper all came from Cameron Highland in Malaysia.



琥珀標本
Amber Specimens
經典科幻電影《侏儸紀公園》就是藉由琥珀中蚊子肚子裡的恐龍血液DNA，來作為複製恐龍的來源，相信看過電影的觀眾對琥珀標本應該不陌生。琥珀為松樹分泌的樹脂被埋在地底下，經由化學變化所成的樹脂化石，偶爾會參雜著一些生物，因此可作為研究古生物珍貴材料。

這次展示的琥珀標本產自緬甸克欽邦 (Kachin State)，年代約略為9000萬至1億年前，其中包埋一些昆蟲、蜘蛛以及植物。這批標本由昆蟲學系系友施圓通先生捐贈給臺大博物館群，施先生並額外出借一些琥珀標本作為展示。透過這些琥珀標本，可以做短暫的時空旅行一窺數千萬年前生物的樣貌。 		　



Extracting dinosaurs’ blood from ancient mosquito’s gut in amber fossil, and purified DNA to clone dinosaurs is famous scene in classic Sci-Fi movie “Jurassic Park”. Amber is a fossil resin which from underground Pinus plants’ resin be transformed by chemical reaction. Recently, because there have some remains of ancient creature in amber, it can be materials help us to study ancient biology.

These amber specimens produced from Kachin State, Myanmar, about 90 to 100 million years ago, with ancient insects, spiders, or plants embedded in it. These specimens are donated from Yuan-Tung Shih (alumnus of NTU entomology department) to NTU museums, and Mr. Shih also loaned additional amber for exhibition. We could do briefly time travel and see image of ancient creature from 10 million years ago by these amber specimens.



X
緬甸紅寶石畫-緬甸臺大校友會致贈紀念品
Myanmar ruby painting- National Taiwan University alumni association of Myanmar memento

此幅畫作為2016年12月3日舉行緬甸台大校友會成立典禮時，由會長廖永泰代表校友會致贈母校之紀念品。由緬甸紅寶石、翡翠做為材料並以傅鐘、杜鵑花為構圖創作而成的110*80公分寶石畫。

‧傅鐘： 台大精神象徵，時時提醒著台大人要沈思，代表著自由民主、改革開放的校園文化。
‧杜鵑： 用來緬懷母校台大，使校友懷念穿梭在開滿杜鵑花的道路上的時光、回憶當年與同鄉們坐在杜鵑花叢傍互述思鄉之苦的夜晚。
‧紅寶石： 聞名世界的緬甸紅寶石，代表著活力、熱情的緬甸僑生們對母校永恆不變的愛。
‧翡翠： 緬甸特有珍寶，代表著不畏懼艱難的緬甸僑生們堅定的意志力。


畫作中每粒彩寶都產自緬甸世界聞名的抹谷(Mogok)產區，校友寸守應(B87校友) 特地聘請中緬邊境瑞麗的名師巧匠製作，先不論其價值的昂貴和選材精細，連其運送過程的坎坷也是言有未盡。2016年底緬甸內戰未平，導致滇緬公路被封，不得已只能將畫作由腳伕人力運輸由八莫繞道送往仰光，但是畫送出去三天就失聯。寸守應和陳忠琪兩位校友只得親自跟著繞道八莫循著路線追回，終於趕在12月3日典禮當天將畫交到副校長手中。校友們衷心祝願母校永鑄輝煌，校運昌隆。




When the National Taiwan University Alumni Association of Myanmar (NTUAAM) was established on December 3rd, 2016, Mr. Yun-Tai Liao, president of the NTUAAM, sent this painting to NTU as a memento. This gem painting used Myanmar ruby and jadeite as its materials, and Fu Bell and azalea as its composition. 		　


‧Fu Bell: it is a symbol of NTU spirit that always reminds NTU people to contemplate, representing the campus culture of freedom, democracy as well as reform and opening up.
‧Azalea: it lets NTU alumni cherish the memory of passing through the roads with azalea in full blossom and remember the nights sitting beside azalea bushes talking about homesickness with friends from the same country.
‧Ruby: the world famous Myanmar ruby stands for the eternal love to NTU from the energetic and passionate Myanmar alumni.
‧Jadeite: this special piece of Myanmar treasure is symbolic of the strong will of Myanmar overseas Chinese students, who have no fear toward any challenges or difficulties.




Each of the gems was produced from Mogok, Myanmar. Mr. Shou-Ying Tsun (B87 grade alumni) hired craftsmen from Ruili City (a China city beside Myanmar) to make them. The price of this painting was extremely high and its materials were exquisite, but its transporting process was quite hard with many stories to tell. At the end of 2016, the civil war still continued in Myanmar, which led to the Burma Road (through China and Myanmar) being blocked. In order to pass through Bhamo (a small city of Myanmar) to Yangon (the main city of Myanmar), the painting could only be sent via human transport. However, the transporter lost the connection after 3 days. Mr. Shou-Ying Tsun and Chung-Chi Chen had no choice but to trace back the original route on their own to find this painting back and send it to Yangon before December 3rd, the day of the establishing ceremony of the NTUAAM. NTUAAM sincerely wish that NTU will thrive and prosper.



X
農業陳列館──農業臺灣時代的國家亮點
NTU Agricultural Exhibition Hall, A national focal point during the agricultural era in Taiwan

農業陳列館成立於1964年4月29日，設立宗旨在於呈現臺灣農業發展以及改革的過程與成果。過去曾經長期作為國家對外推展農業外交的窗口，常為國際賓客必到之處。相框裡的老照片時空凝結在1960年代，印記著東南亞地區外賓來臺的足跡，其中有張照片是錢思亮校長夫婦接待菲律賓馬嘉柏皋總統夫人。


The Agricultural Exhibition Hall was established on Apr. 29, 1964 as a showcase for the agricultural development in Taiwan and the process and achievements of reformation. In the past, it was a window in Taiwan’s promotion of Agricultural diplomacy for many years and a place where foreign guests would visit. The old photos in the frames seem to freeze space and time in the 1960s, recording the footprints of dignitaries from Southeast Asia in Taiwan. One of them shows NTU President Chien Shihliang and his wife receiving the then president of the Philippines Macapagal and his wife.



　



X
澳洲巨蜥
Goanna

Goanna是澳洲的巨蜥屬（Varunus）物種的統稱。雖然稱做巨蜥，其實不同種間的體型差異很大，從逾2.5公尺的眼斑巨蜥到僅約20公分的短尾巨蜥都有。其習性也像澳洲的環境一般多樣，例如分佈在灌木草原帶的砂巨蜥，或是生活在水邊汀渚紅樹林中的紅樹巨蜥。巨蜥在澳洲原住民的圖騰和傳說中有一席之地，也是原住民的食物來源。 這件木雕作品是多年前學校收到的紀念品，輾轉移至校史館典藏。校史館收到這件校禮時，不知道是哪種動物的雕件，只因為造型優美逗趣故予以展示，期待有朝一日能獲得解答。2017年3月間，香港大學校長Dr. Peter Mathieson夫婦來校訪問，校長夫人給了答案，這件藝術品是澳洲巨蜥。
（校史館典藏）



　 　



Goanna is the general term of species of genus Varanus (monitor lizard) in Australia. Not all goannas are large in size, and can vary from perentie that can grow over 2.5 m, to short-tailed monitor that reach only 20 cm in length. Their habitats are as various as the environment of Australia, such as sand goanna in woodland and grassland areas, and mangrove monitor, as what its name says, lives in mangroves near water. Goannas have an important place in indigenous Australians’ culture, like totems and tales, and a source of food.
(NTU History Gallery’s collection)



X
儒艮
Dugong
1937年／帛琉本島西岸／動物博物館提供
1937／West cost of Palau Island／provided by the NTU Museum of Zoology

儒艮俗稱海牛或美人魚，但儒艮與海牛其實是同屬於海牛目的不同物種，當然也不是真的美人魚。儒艮屬大型水生哺乳類動物，個性溫和，外表相當可愛討喜；以海藻、水草等植物為主食，用肺呼吸，需要定期浮上水面換氣。

這隻儒艮為1937年2月26日，在帛琉本島西岸，誤入沖繩漁夫宮城的漁網中溺斃，當時在帛琉熱帶生物研究所擔任研究員的元田茂得知消息之後將他買下來，並由所內同仁阿部宗明以及山內年彥等人合力將皮骨解剖下來，用鹽保存後以最接近的航班送至臺北帝國大學。由平坂恭介教授解剖做成標本，平坂教授並於昭和14年，將此記錄寫成「パラオの儒艮」，發表在「科學南洋」（第二卷第二號）上。



　 　



Dugongs are commonly referred to as manatees or mermaids, but in fact they are a separate species belonging to the order Sirenia, like manatees. Dugongs are large aquatic mammals with a mild temperament and loveable appearance. Seaweed and other aquatic plants make up their main dietary staples. Dugongs breathe with their lungs and need to come to the surface of the water regularly for air.

This dugong was accidentally caught and drowned in the fishing net of an Okinawan fisherman named Miyagi on Feb. 26, 1937. Motoda Shigeru, who was working as a researcher at the Palau Tropical Biological Research Institute at the time, heard about the incident and bought the dugong, removed the skin and bones with the help of his colleagues Abe Tokiharu and Yamauchi Yoshihiko. They preserved the dugong with salt and sent it on the first boat available to Taihoku (Taipei) Imperial University where Professor Hirasaka Kyosuke dissected it and made it into a taxidermy specimen. Later, in the 14th Year of the Showa Emperor’s Reign, Professor Hirasaka published a record of the event under the title of “Palau Dugong” in Southeast Asian Science (Issue. 2, Volume 2).



　 　 　



X
南島語族遷徙的研究
Exploration on the Migration of Austronesian Peoples

此一展區“南島語族遷徙的探究”，是國立臺灣大學、國立臺灣師範大學、臺北市立麗山高中與中央研究院幾位老師與助理學生們共同催生出來的高中生“探究與實作”三小時教案，目的是希望讓高中生藉由觀看影片與動手分析氣候資料後，能進行深度思考並回答問題，經過重新編修部分內容後，提供臺大博物館群做為大眾教育使用。

電影“海洋奇緣”的預告片中(1.1)展示了南島語族遷徙的過程，藉由雙體帆船(2.1 , 2.2)，以及先祖的智慧與經驗（手勢、星星、鳥、雲、波浪)來判斷下一個遙遠島嶼的位置，找到島嶼後便落地生根，直到人口飽和後年輕人又揚帆往下一個島嶼前進。

而後了解Steven Callahan的海上漂流故事(4.1 , 4.2)，並驗證這教案所設計的帆船長程航行模擬程式(4.3)可信度，程式可調整參數包括：風帆高度、張帆的極限風速以及每日張帆航行時數。 最後藉由程式來模擬南島語族的海上帆船遷徙情境(2.2)，這階段需要先有南島語族遷徙方向的歷史認知(1.3)以及太平洋海面風向風速與洋流(3.1)的季節變化型態，然後藉由地圖上的滑鼠選擇任意兩地點來模擬海上航行遷徙路徑的可能性高低；比如從斐濟(Fiji)航行到大溪地(Tahiti)，在哪一年哪一天出發？隨風無目的航行或是有知識傳承下的方向性航行？最後模擬獲得航行軌跡以及所需天數。

（團隊 / 李壹維、林博雄、許瑛玿、陳鑫澔、萬義昞）



　 　



This exhibition area, “Exploration on the Migration of Austronesian peoples,” is a modified version from one of the “inquiry-based learning” lessons for senior high school students. This lesson was designed by experts, science educators, high school teachers, graduate students and research assistants from National Taiwan University, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei Municipal LiShan High School and Academia Sinica. Originally, it spans for about three hours and aims to inspire students to think profoundly and answer questions via video-watching, material-reading and climate-data-exploration. After modifying the lesson, it is open to the public and exhibited in NTU Museums.

Trailer of Moana (1.1) showcases the migration of Austronesian peoples. With the help of canoe (2.1, 2.2) plus the wisdom and experience of the ancestors (e.g., gestures, astronomy, birds, clouds, waves), they are able to locate the next remote island to settle. When the population of that island is saturated, young people would sail to the next island again.

Steven Callahan’s drifting story and the sailing simulation program which includes several parameters such as the height of the sailing, the wind speed limitation for sailing, and the daily sailing hours are introduced for users to test the credibility of the program based on Steven’s story (4.3)

Finally, the user could simulate the scenarios of canoe sailing of Austronesian peoples (2.2) using the sailing simulation program. In order to run this program, it is suggested to read (1.3) session to get the migration history of the ancient Austronesian peoples. Through (3,1) you can pick up the seasonal pattern of surface wind and current situation over Pacific Ocean. Please use the mouse to click two locations on the map (for example, from Fuji to Tahiti), then choose the year/date for departure, and what types of sailing (sail following wind/current flow or turning the sail by wisdom knowledge for destination). Then, the program shows you the sail pathway and the number of the sailing days.
(Team / Shin-Hau Chen, Ying-Shao Hsu, Yi-Wei Li, Po-Hsiung Lin, Yi-Bing Wan)



X
十五世紀東南亞貿易瓷的崛起
The Rise of Southeast Asian Trade Ceramics of the Fifteenth Century

東南亞的貿易陶瓷在十五至十六世紀曾躋身世界舞台，在中國明代海禁時期打破一直以來由中國貿易瓷所獨霸的市場。其中又以泰國青瓷及越南青花瓷數量為最，舉凡西亞波斯灣沿岸、南亞印度洋地區、島嶼東南亞及日本，皆有它們的痕跡。此次展出藝術史研究所資料室典藏的兩組泰國窯址陶瓷標本，用以呈現東南亞貿易瓷崛起的一個側面。十五世紀泰國的高溫陶瓷產業，集中在今日泰國中部的Sukhothai（圖一）、Si Satchanalai（圖二）(兩窯的作品皆曾外銷)，以及北部的Kalong、Sankampaeng等地。

第一組青瓷大盤，此器的胎釉特點，接近Si Satchanalai窯址群，該窯是泰國最重要的外銷青瓷產區。器身兩側高度不一、稍有變形，極可能是來自窯址的淘汰品。該器圓口折沿，胎土緻密，圈足內可見黑色圈狀的墊燒痕跡。盤心及內壁分別刻畫花卉與蓮瓣紋飾，除圈足外全器施罩青瓷釉，從器形、裝飾結構及母題，都顯見與當時風靡世界的中國龍泉窯青瓷關係密切（圖三）。然泰國青瓷釉色較為透亮，刻紋清晰易見，陶工亦善用此特點，發展出獨具特色的作品。十五世紀前半泰國海域Ko Khram沈船，出水不少類似的青瓷盤（圖四），因而可知藝史所典藏的此件青瓷盤，屬十五世紀的作品。

第二組窯址標本，分別來自以鐵繪著稱的Sukhothai與Kalong地區。泰國鐵繪作品與中國、越南青花之間關係密切，然又具自身特點。Sukhothai窯產品因胎土雜質多，經常於胎體施加一層白色化妝土，再用含鐵份的顏料繪上花草、魚紋等典型紋飾。Kalong窯陶工利用畫筆彈性，一筆繪出帶有粗細變化的粗寬線條，魚紋、花草、飛鳥，以及放射狀向外的花形，都是常見的紋樣。



▍青瓷劃花折沿盤　泰國
Celadon dish with incised floral design,
Thailand, Si Satchanalai

長10.5 寬8.7 高4.6 (公分)
口徑30.5-31公分　高8-10公分
（藝術史研究所藏品）		 ▍Kalong 窯址鐵繪標本
Ironed-decorated ceramic shards from Kalong Kiln

十五世紀
（藝術史研究所藏品）		 ▍Si Satchanalai 窯址青瓷標本
Celadon ceramic shards
from Si Satchanalai

長10.5 寬8.7 高4.6 (公分)
口徑30.5-31公分　高8-10公分
（藝術史研究所藏品）
　　　



Southeast Asian trade ceramics ascended onto the world stage between the 15th and the 16th c. by breaking through the longstanding market monopoly held by China’s trade ceramics at a seminal moment when prohibitions on Chinese maritime trading, instituted by the Ming government of China, were in effect. Amongst Southeast Asian trade ceramics, Thai celadons and Vietnamese blue-and-white ceramics stand out in terms of sheer numbers. Traces of their legacy are found all along the coastline of the Persian Gulf in West Asia, the regions of the Indian Ocean in South Asia, the islands of Southeast Asia as well as Japan. Two categories of ceramics from Thailand, selected from among the collections of the archival repository of the Graduate Institute of Art History (GIAH), are presented in this exhibition. They portray one aspect of the rise of Southeast Asia trade ceramics—that of Thai high-fired wares. Production of high-fired ceramics in Thailand during the 15th c. was concentrated primarily in central Thailand, corresponding to today’s Sukhothai (Fig. 1) and Si Satchanalai (Fig. 2), both of which produced for the export market, as well as in northern Thailand, at Kalong and Sankampaeng.

The first category of Thai high-fired ceramics in this exhibition comprises a large celadon dish whose glaze characteristics links it to the kilns at Si Satchanalai, Thailand’s most important kiln site for export celadons. The vessel, being slightly warped, is of an uneven height and is likely to have been a kiln reject. It exhibits a flared rim, a densely-textured clay body, and a circular black firing scar visible within the interior of the foot rim. The center of the dish and its inner wall are separately decorated, with an incised open flower decoration in the center and a series of lotus petals along the inner wall. Apart from the base and the foot rim itself, the entire body is coated with a layer of celadon glaze. From the shape and form of the dish and the composition and motif of its decoration, it obviously bears close associations with the widely admired celadon wares of the Longquan kilns in China of the same time (Fig. 3). As Thai celadon glazes were particularly glassy and translucent, the decorative effect of the pooled glaze within the incised designs is clearly distinguished. Thai potters were adept at taking advantage of the glaze characteristics and developed highly original works as a result.The Ko Khram shipwreck off the coast of Thailamd, dated to the first half of the 15th c., has yielded a number of similar celadon wares (Fig. 4). By extrapolation, we are able to determine that the celadon in the GIAH’s collection exhibited here is also a product of the 15th century.

The second category of Thai high-fired ceramics in this exhibition comprise a group of iron-decorated ceramic shards from the important Sukhothai and Kalong kiln sites. Thailand’s iron-decorated wares share close affinities with Chinese and Vietnamese blue-and-white wares, even while possessing their own characteristics. Because the clay material in the area of the Sukothai kilns was high in impurities, a layer of white slip was often applied onto the clay body prior to painting standard representations of flowers, leaves and fish onto the vessel using iron-rich pigments. Meanwhile, at the Kalong kilns, the potters were especially adept at brushwork and could produce designs in single, uninterrupted brush strokes that still managed to exhibit contours of varying thickness. Fish themes, floral and foliate designs, birds in flight and flowers with upturned, radiating petals were all common motifs.











地圖
泰國高溫陶瓷窯址分布圖
Map　High-fired ware kiln sites of Thailand







圖一
泰國Sukhothai窯址窯爐遺跡
Fig. 1　View of the ruins of a Sukhothai kiln site (Thailand)
Image from Thanyakarn Wong-on, Dawn Rooney, Sukhothai and Si Satchanalai ceramics: inspiration and realization, Bangkok: Thanombutra School, 2012, p.16.





圖二
泰國Si Satchanalai窯址窯爐遺跡
Fig. 2　View of the ruins of a Si Satchanalai kiln site (Thailand)
Image from Thanyakarn Wong-on, Dawn Rooney, Sukhothai and Si Satchanalai ceramics: inspiration and realization, Bangkok: Thanombutra School, 2012, p.16.







圖三
新安沈船出水元代龍泉窯青瓷盤
口徑40.1公分　高8.8公分
Fig. 3 A Yuan dynasty Longquan celadon dish salvaged from the Sinan shipwreck
D: 40.1cm H: 8.8cm
Image from Munhwajae-ch'ŏng and Cultural Heritage Administration and National Maritime Museum, Sinansŏn: The Shinan wreck, Taejŏn: Cultural Heritage Administration and National Maritime Museum, 2006, Plate 148, p.155.





圖四
Ko Khram沈船出水Si Satchanalai青瓷盤　口徑28公分　高9公分
Fig. 4 A Si Satchanalai celadon dish salvaged from the Ko Khram shipwreck D: 28cm H: 9cm
Image from Roxanna Brown, The Ming Gap and Shipwreck Ceramics in Southeast Asia: Towards a Chronology of Thai Trade Ware, Bangkok: Siam Society, 2009, Plate 38, p.121.


X
人類學博物館藏品



　
▍獨木舟模型與木枝海圖
長44.5 寬38 高34 (公分)
馬紹爾群島
 （國立臺灣大學人類學系
人類學博物館典藏）		 ▍貝殼臂環
長30 寬5.5 (公分)
西巴布亞
（國立臺灣大學人類學系
人類學博物館典藏）		 ▍墨繩規
長10.5 寬8.7 高4.6 (公分)
海南島
（國立臺灣大學人類學系
人類學博物館典藏） 		▍椰殼製容器
直徑15.2 高13.5 (公分)
海南島
（國立臺灣大學人類學系
人類學博物館典藏）
　　　　



X
「南．洋」特展約展示20個國家或地區的臺大博物館群標本
The NTU Museums’ special exhibition displays Southeast Asian and Oceanic collections
from about 20 countries or areas

 

01 日本　Japan 12 新幾內亞　New Guinea
02 中國　China 13 澳大利亞　Australia
03 馬紹爾　Marshall 14 臺灣　Taiwan
04 斐濟　Fuji 15 泰國　Thailand
05 帛琉　Palau 16 密克羅尼西亞　Micronesia
06 薩摩亞　Samoa 17 北馬里亞納　Northern Mariana
07 索羅門　Solomon 18 越南　Vietnam
08 菲律賓　Philippine 19 新喀里多尼亞　New Caledonia
09 緬甸　Myanmar 20 萬那杜　Vanuatu
10 印尼（西巴布亞、爪哇）　Indonesia 21 法屬印度支那　French Indochina
11 馬來西亞　Malaysia



X
留言區
Guest Message

開展不到一季，已經貼滿訪客留言。